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ON HER MAJESTYS ASSASSINATION SERVICE – ANNEXATION OF PUNJAB 1849

ON HER MAJESTYS ASSASSINATION SERVICE
ANNEXATION OF PUNJAB 1849

The overturning of Sikh rule in the Punjab

Kharrack Singh
Kharrack Singh

The British were not ready yet for takeover of all the Indian region. It was good luck for the Sikhs. The citizens of Lahore tired of dacoits after dacoits in the city, decided to invite one bigger dacoit by opening the Gates of Lahore. Ranjit Singh camping in the baradari of Wazeer Khan entered and took the city with the blessings of the citizens of Lahore. The list of citizens along with the Kotwal is well known. However much the tale may be twisted by historians, the facts stand stark for every body to read in the books. Ranjit Singh was further lucky by signing treaty of 1809 with the British by agreeing to respect the river boundary as the boundary of conquests of both. All Sikh luck came to an end with the so-called death of Ranjit Singh. It was even rumoured that he had been poisoned to death by people like Dr Murray and others who surrounded him at that time. In any case Ranjit Singh was himself so paranoid of being poisoned by them, that he never took any medicine or drinks offered by them anytime. Journals are full of his refusal to eat anything from their hands.

Sher Singh
Sher Singh

What followed after 1839 is a trail of deaths and assassinations. Let us list them first:
MAHARJAH KHARRACK SINGH, son of Ranjit Singh, was set aside by his own son Nau Nehal Singh, with help of Raja Dhian Singh, (after killing CHET SINGH on 8th October 1839) and slowly put to death by poison and opium. He died on 5th November, 1840.
NAU NEHAL SINGH, son of Kharrack Singh, died the same day on 5th November, 1840, when some bricks fell on his head, in attendance of cremation of his father.
SHER SINGH gained power and had MAI CHAND KAUR, wife of Kharrack Singh murdered by her slave girls, while combing her hair. Sher Singh was murdered on 15th September, 1843.
RAJA DHIAN SINGH murdered on 15th September, 1843, with an hour of the death of Sher Singh.
DALLIP SINGH put on the throne on 18th September, 1843, and acceded to the British on 2nd Febraury, 1844.
HIRA SINGH AND PANDIT JALLA murdered by the Sikh Army on 21st December, 1844.
PESHORA SINGH put to death on 30th August, 1845.
JAWAHAR SINGH put to death on 21st September, 1845.

The Sikh wars started and the first Sikh Army was won by Lord Hardinge for the British Monarchy. What more do we need to write?

Lall Singh and Sikh War
Lall Singh and Sikh War

Look behind the facts and figures. All these murders and assassinations clearly show MASTER HAND behind all this? Reading one journal after another, the same thing becomes pristine clear for all. Some were openly advocating the take over, some secretly. Perhaps few were even against it, But the material wealth of the Punjab with crores in the exchequer of Ranjit singh, brought water to the eyes of the greedy Britishers. It is a sad tale for anyone. In 1849 the British officially took over Punjab and there is stone commemorating this seizure at the Sheesh Mahal in Lahore Fort. 007s had done their work with their license to kill on Her Majesty’s assassination Service.

Mai Jindan Kaur
Mai Jindan Kaur

CHARADE OF TEXTBOOKS REVISION – NO HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE CAN BE OBJECTIVE

CHARADE OF TEXTBOOKS REVISION
NO HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE CAN BE OBJECTIVE

Confusing coming generations of past glories

Salam
Salam

Childhood memories are always there. Our textbook in school clearly spoke of Tipu Sultan in very bad words. My cousin at my house was telling me different. I had to listen to both versions, but I was not confused at all. It was a textbook made by British subjects for a Missionary School. The analysis was well understood. I read a History of India published in the lifetime of Tipu Sultan, and it said simply, that Tipu Sultan was the main hurdle to the annexation of India. Who to believe? Well understood.

Textbook means no harm
Textbook means no harm

All history books are full of versions. Versions from the civilization that wrote them. Read about Red Indians and read about Native Americans. Time changes approach. The disguise and prejudice remains. Information is never free from Ideology. Should it be! Never, never ever.

Take the case of Emperor Jahangeer and Guru Arjan Singh. Jahangeer mentions the incident in his own memoirs and states his perception in clear terms. We have his memoirs for the real version. And you see the Sikh versions on internet or in books and that version is totally different. And also different versions of the same version. The best scholarly way is to state both versions and let the reader arrive at the truth himself. But here in Pakistan, boot polishers would like other versions to be written in our textbooks, without any reference to our own version. That is unfair in all terms of reference.

Islamic Textbook Protest
Islamic Textbook Protest

The Sikh sites are full of venom against Jahangeer for this incident against their Guru. But look at it objectively. The Guru coming with Prince Khusraw and instigating him with spirit of rebellion against his own father. There is no religion here, mere politics. A man fomented political unrest against the Emperor and all the men who sided with him were punished. Ruthlessly exterminated. That was the best formula of those times. And look at it from even another direction. A knowledgeable man like Jahangeer, who was a bibliophile himself, considers Guru Arjan as a Hindu, and does not recognize Arjan and his Sikh religion. This is not due to lack of knowledge, it is the perception of that time.

Now a Mughal textbook will write Jahangeer’s view. A Sikh textbook will write the Sikh view. Scholars will write their own views. No view will be absolutely objective. Bias will be seen in all versions. To reach the truth, one will have to break the shackles of belief in ones faith.

Did these things stop in history? Obviously not. Obviously they will never stop. Guantanomo bay is outside the law of every country, including that of the people who started this detention center. And yet no one can speak. How will you write objective history books?

Jahangeer's statement in memoirs
Jahangeer’s statement in memoirs

The charade of REVISION OF TEXTBOOKS is merely to deprive Muslim generations of pride in their ancestral doings. To derogate everything done before. To demean Muslims in the eyes of Muslims themselves.

These things backfire. Christian and Jewish civilizations have REVISED THEIR HOLY BOOKS a number of times. The old Books only partially represent Divine message. The HOLY QURAN remain unrevised to these days. Many attempts in Western and Indian world have been made to revise the Quran itself. Is that possible? Obviously, never. So what’s the solution?

People should learn to respect other civilizations and their point of view and co-exist with each other in peace, without sacrificing their own Identity. BUT CERTAIN THINGS WILL PREVAIL, CERTAIN THINGS WILL VANISH. THAT IS HISTORY. THE LESSON OF HISTORY IS THAT THE MORE YOU TRY TO CHANGE IT, THE MORE AGGRESSIVE IT BECOMES IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION. Live in peace. Accept each other. Let freedom govern ones own home and territory. That is the motto of live and let live.

INTERNATIONAL HEADLINES AND LIVE TELECASTS – HOMO CRANIUMLESS DISCOVERED IN PAKISTAN

INTERNATIONAL HEADLINES AND LIVE TELECASTS
HOMO CRANIUMLESS DISCOVERED IN PAKISTAN

Missing link between Zombies and humans not fossilized but with living DNA

Cranium
Cranium

Today headlines were made when a Professor of a world famous University announced his latest discovery. In search of fossils in Chakwal area, an old man there revealed a truth to him. Channels like National Geographic, Discovery, Planet Earth are all eager to telecast live coverage. Instead of decayed bones, living specimens were discovered in major cities of Pakistan, as well as British period demarcated feudal areas. Apparently the specimens are alive and well, but it is said, that dissections have revealed that the craniums are empty of grey matter and full of mere sawdust.

Sawdust filled cranium
Sawdust filled cranium

A pathologist reveals that it could be a result of congenital disease. Perhaps ages ago some sort of grey matter existed in zombies form, but with time, the disease spread and cannot be controlled anymore. An American based pathologist Dr Imran suggested that perhaps drops like Polio ones can be diagnosed in laboratory and given to these people for return to humanity in perhaps a thousand years. A lobby in Pakistan suggested forceful extermination of the species before the disease becomes epidemic an there is no chance of recovery.

Most people believe that we can issue Export license and export these many homo craniumless species to outside world, or they can be used as testing robots for mission to Mars, and elsewhere. Whatever their use, they are certainly not required in Pakistan, and especially in role of national leadership.

Missing link
Missing link

HEAVEN AND HELL – TWO FACES OF KASHMEER

HEAVEN AND HELL
TWO FACES OF KASHMEER

Making Paradise doomsday scenario

Dead body

Is the world blind? Deaf and dumb? Ostriches with head in the sand. The most beautiful place in the world, with the most beautiful people , with background supposing to include even the Lost tribe of Israel. People claim that Jesus Christ died in Kashmeer, while others claim that even Moses was there. Some factual evidence has also emerged in this historical context. Singing, dancing, people, with flowers and peace for the world. Just due to financial gains from business discourse, turn a blind eye to all the wrong being done in Kashmeer.

Kashmeer the paradise
Title: Kashmeer the paradise

The first shame is not on India but the actual shame is on Pakistani leadership. They have forgotten all rules of fair play. Greed has blinded their eyes to the wails and cries of our usurped Kashmeer. The ruse is very simple. Make it unprofitable for people to seek justice by buying out their so called leaders. Gutless and spineless leadership will eventually rot in hell, we all know that, as a matter of our eternal faith. Nations rise on their level of justice.

No one listening to tyranny
No one listening to tyranny

The war on Kashmeer is obviously ideological but it is also a war of Water and water is considered the most precious asset of the future. Rivers originate in Kashmeer and who controls Kashmeer, controls the rivers flow of India and Pakistan. Kashmeer is power in the hands of any one. An eventual revolution is over due. It will come. But how many more lives it will take? That is on our leadership. Plebiscite is just a way of gaining time and time was gained by India. Now it is time to wrest control of Kashmeer from the clutches of shame and death.

Kashmeeri assault
Kashmeeri assault

Kashmeer touches all of us in one way or the other. Really free from prejudices, Kashmeeri men and women married into different ethnic families of Pakistan, and most of us have Kashmeer in our blood. But there is even more. The man who gave us the very idea of Pakistan orginated in Kashmeer. That is our esteemed Dr Allama Muhammed Iqbal. It is no small thing that our ideology is based on Kashmeeri sources. We all must love and honour Kashmeer and be prepared to give our sacrifices for its embracing its family that is Pakistan.

Title: Kashmeeri Apples
Title: Kashmeeri Apples
Title: Poultry Farm
Title: Poultry Farm

 

Title: To the Shrine
Title: To the Shrine

SHER ALI AFRIDI 11TH MARCH 1872 – THE HANGING AND AFTERWARDS

SHER ALI AFRIDI 11TH MARCH 1872
THE HANGING AND AFTERWARDS

A ruthless revenge with his body

A journalist travelled to visit the execution of the Assassin of Lord Mayo and reported in the press the following, which is worthy of note, as an act of utter and disdainful revenge:

Sher Ali Afridi
Sher Ali Afridi

“I had a long interview with the prisoner the evening previous to his execution. He talked quite freely, and appeared to think he had done a fine thing. He had been told about an hour before I saw him that he was to be hanged next morning. We got up steam early next morning and went to Chatham, passing him with his police guard in a boat on the way. As soon as we were moored we got over to Viper Island, where the gaol is. There was no unusual preparation for the affair, and the convicts were at work as usual. Indeed, it was not generally known that it was to be. There were from 30 to 40 Europeans present, no natives except the police and sepoys, and no European soldiers. About a quarter to 8 the fellow was led out. He was smiling and quite collected. The police officer who came down to investigate the affair, as he ascended the steps leading up to the scaffold, asked him a question. He shook his head with a smile, as he said nahin sahib. As soon as he got up he asked the hangman to turn his face towards Mecca, and then began to pray very loudly and quickly. He said two prayers, and kept on repeating the Mussulman’s creed. The drop fell at seven minutes to 8 o’clock exactly. The knot slipped round to the back of his neck, and although he had nearly seven feet of a drop, his neck was not broken, so he died very hard. He was hanging about ten minutes before he ceased to struggle. As he was scantily clothed, and his legs and most of his body naked, his struggles were distinctly visible. We were quite close to the scaffold. After he was dead we adjourned, and returned to see him cut down at 9. His face was not distorted in the least, but wore an expression of pain. We afterwards went to see the post mortem examination. There were only eight persons present. The prisoner’s lungs, liver, heart, &c., were taken out and weighed. The top of his head was cut off, and his brain taken out: the latter weighed 47 ounces.”

People today talk of the mantra of British justice. Does this looks like justice to anyone? It paints the assassin in a better way than those who executed him and even defiled his body as an act of utter revenge.

HOW DID DARA SHIKOH ACTUALLY DIE? – A STATE COMMISSION DELIVERED VERDICT

HOW DID DARA SHIKOH ACTUALLY DIE?
A STATE COMMISSION DELIVERED VERDICT

Speculative stories with out substance

Dara Shikoh with girls
Dara Shikoh with girls

Shah Jahan the father, and Arjumand Bano (Mumtaz Mahall) the mother, and of all the children, two brothers resenting each other from day one. The personalities of both were different, but the resentment was in more emotional terms. The father, Shah Jahan loved his eldest son Dara Shikoh so much, that he was not willing to see anyone else, not even his other children. Whereas Dara Shikoh was not coming up to any standards, Aurangzeb excelled in everything. Dara Shikoh was arrogant and rude with people. Aurangzeb was so polite, that even the father forbade him to carry such a character. On a military mission Dara Shikoh (to Qandahar) failed, and started using the help of magicians (homosexual pervert) to win wars. Aurangzeb was battle hardened and with enormous guts by any standards. A famous incident occurred when an elephant lost his cool and ran towards the brothers. Dara Shikoh scampered away scared for his life while Aurangzeb stood his ground as a mere teenager. His bravery won him the heart of courtiers. Scared of the popularity of Aurangzeb, Shah Jahan kept Dara Shikoh near him and sent Aurangzeb far away.

Fearing Aurangzeb Alamgeer’s credentials to be a King, the father planned his very end. Yes this was not enough, Shah Jahan planned the assassination of his own son. Aurangzeb was invited to court and plans were laid to kill him. The sister Roshan Ara discovered the plan and warned Aurangzeb not to come to court, and his life was saved, much to the resentment of both Shah Jahan and Dara Shikoh. Now was this known by people who without knowing anything, resort to fantasy versions put in books as well as the internet. A detailed discussion can be found in my book AINAH KHANAH LAHORE OF PRINCE DARA SHIKOH, published in January, 2014.

The official history ‘Maaseray-Alamgeeri’ tells us:
“At this time Bahadur Khan brought Dara Shikoh to the exalted court, he was kept in the palace of Khizirabad. As it was necessary for various reasons to remove the dust of his life, from the plain of the world of the living, on the night of tuesday, the 30th August, the lamp of his light was quenched, and he was buried in Humayoun’s tomb.”
Today there are two graves in the mausoleum of Humayoun pointed out as the possible grave of Dara Shikoh. But both have very respectable sarcophagus on them, and it is considered, that Dara Shikoh was given a dignified burial, details of death obviously are unknown.

Dara portrait
Dara portrait

DEATH OF PRINCE DARA SHIKOH

When two parties fight and the fight reaches a zenith, it is inevitable that one party will lose, and the other will win. If Aurangzeb Alamgeer would have lost, surely Dara Shikoh would not have forgiven him but meted out a horrible end to him. As to what the end would be is hypothetical, given that Dara Shikoh lost. Foreign travelers are fond of spreading canards, and claim to be where they were not. Obviously Dara Shikoh was brought to Delhi humbled in all ways on an elephant and later put to death. But the death was not whimsical. A regular committee of various people (including Islamic scholars) sat and deliberated on the fate of Dara Shikoh. There is plenty of evidence to this day that his statements literally amounted to heresy (he held that the Quran cannot be understood without reading the Gitas), but even then his life was considered to be spared. Votes were cast, for and against, and he lost. A group of Ulema (not Mullahs) of the times judged him to be a heretic. But the decision for his death was political. Sparing him would have resulted in endless strife for the newly oriented kingdom.

The foreigners Francois Catrou, Niccolao Manucci and Francois Bernier had all tried to paint a pathetic picture of his end, as they may have been a witness to the end of Dara Shikoh. Whatever happened and Nazer is considered by them to be the person who beheaded Dara Shikoh, cannot be known. But there is a marked paradox attached to the story of the death of Dara Shikoh! If Dara Shikoh was really beheaded, then how come his body was put on an elephant again and paraded in Delhi? How could a headless body be paraded in Delhi? It is literally not possible for anyone to do, otherwise it would have invited endless wrath of people. But the real joke goes further. If these foreigners had pinpointed that Dara Shikoh had died a Hindu, it was obviously believable. But their statement borders on ridicule of the highest order. That Dara Shikoh died a Christian.

The words used are:

“The Christian sentiments with which the missionaries had endeavoured to inspire him, were revived in the closing hour of his life. He requested to be allowed a conversation with Father Busee, a Flemish Jesuit, who had formerly instructed him in our sacred Mysteries. All communication with the Europeans was denied to him. In this universal desolation, the Prince sought for consolation in God. He was heard to say more than once: Mahomet has destroyed me, Jesus Christ the son of the Eternal will save me.”

In Persian the words used are:

“Mahammad ma-ra mikushad, ibn Allah Maryam mibashaid.”

These pesky travelers are saying that all communication with the Europeans was denied to the Prince, and yet they seem to be in communication with him all the time. Even the most obvious things reveal glaring lies, and yet people are reluctant to see them in perspective.

These travelers state that when the head of Dara Shikoh was brought to Aurangzeb Alamgeer, he wept and blurted out his sentiments by calling Dara Shikoh as ‘Kam-bakht’. Why was there even a need to see the head? These are stories made by the priests merely to defame Aurangzeb Alamgeer, who they rightly feared, for his faith in Islam. The ‘Fatwa Alamgeeri’ is a magnum opus of those days. Indeed Dara Shikoh had everything and a thinking mind too, and it was his bad luck to find wrong companionship and to be swept away from the annals of truth. The most destructive company was that of Sarmad, the Armenian Jew, who was a professed homosexual and roamed around totally naked on the streets of Delhi (naturally not befitting the heir to the throne to be seen with such bohemians). It is indeed a tragedy to have everything and to lose it. Dara Shikoh had everything, but lost the confidence of the people. Even if a referendum had been held, the people would have voted against him. Allah tests us all the time!

Grave of Dara Shikoh
Grave of Dara Shikoh

LORD MAYO, MAYO SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SHER ALI – THE STRANGEST INCIDENT OF AN ISLAMIC FANATIC

LORD MAYO, MAYO SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SHER ALI
THE STRANGEST INCIDENT OF AN ISLAMIC FANATIC

Assassination in the Adaman Islands 1872

Lord Mayo
Lord Mayo

After the famous Punjab Industrial Exhibition, there was felt a need to make an Industrial College in Lahore. It was made next to the Lahore Museum and John Lockwood Kipling became its first Principal. It was named after Lord Mayo. Lord Mayo was of course the Viceroy and Governor General of India.

John Lockwood Kipling with son Rudyard
John Lockwood Kipling with son Rudyard

On a visit to the Adaman Islands, a convict there named Sher Ali, was convinced that he was ordained by Allah to get rid of this rascal who was usurping their country. With least expectation, he got hold of a dagger and stabbed Lord Mayo to death. The murder happened on 8th February, 1872. Lord Mayo struggled for survival in his cart as the blood started to flow in streams. His last words were LIFT UP MY HEAD. And then he died.

Mayo is now NCA Lahore
Mayo is now NCA Lahore

It was an ominous beginning for an art institution and this label is there on the background of a college with its founder dying an awry death. And the assassin seems to be like ones we hear nowadays. Sher Ali was 30 years of age and from clan of Kokee Kheyal from Khyber. Before his execution, he termed himself as a ‘Shaheed’. Today the story seems strange in perspective, when the same thing is literally happening every day. It is like the world never changes; everything remains the same.

Sher Ali
Sher Ali

LOVE PAKISTAN OR LEAVE PAKISTAN! – MANTRA AGAINST PAKISTAN FOREIGN GENERATED AGENDA

LOVE PAKISTAN OR LEAVE PAKISTAN
MANTRA AGAINST PAKISTAN FOREIGN GENERATED AGENDA

Thanks Allah for Pakistan all the time!

Motto Pakistan
Motto Pakistan

The rant against Pakistan is not gone. You come across people talking against Quaid e Azam and Dr Allama Iqbal. Why? They feel that Pakistan should not have been created and it would have been better to remain with India. ASTAR KURWILLA! Study the position of Muslims in India and see the degeneration of Muslims there. Reduced to poverty of every kind, material yes, but even intellectual poverty is very much there. A few people visit Pakistan and start talking of feeling at home here. Do we go there and feel at home there!

A nation where clapping for the Pakistan cricket team is treason, they feel perplexed when we show no prejudice here at all. We have no small hearts. We are willing to accept many things, but not insult to our national leaders. A slap on the face of these idiots may bring them to their senses. A world famous zoologist recently visited India and bought coconut strips from a vendor outside his hotel. After a few purchases, they got friendly, and our Pakistani found out that this Muslim vendor had a PHD degree and was vending coconut for his daily living. Real great chance for Muslims there, yes! People who bask in glory here, should go there for some days and experience the real India, not the worthless hype on media.

Two nations lived together for a 1000 years and never became one. It is not Ideology they are craving for, it is merely geography. The need to annex territory. Expansion, that is all.

We find it written on car bumpers , windscreens as well as rickshaws. We should make it more clear now for all. Love Pakistan or Leave Pakistan! Or Pakistan will take you to task, as said by many about dhobi kay kutay; na ghar kay, na ghat kay. It is high time that our beloved Pak Army teach a lesson to these political dogs of our country.

Unity
Unity

NO SWORD NO SUFI CHANT, REVOLUTION OF PERCEPTION

NO SWORD NO SUFI CHANT,
REVOLUTION OF PERCEPTION

Conversions to Islam from a way of life

Never a Sword
Never a Sword

If somebody was to put a sword to my throat, will it change my faith? If some Sufi tries to recite a chant? Would these approaches have any effect. ZERO. No one can change another’s way of life except through a revolution of perception.

Mental growth is not possible without exposure to a greater truth. When the brain acknowledges that the present way of life is poorer than the exposed new one. Only then! And that may take a long time, even a generation or two. When Muhammed bin Qasim defeated Raja Dair and became the ruler of Sind, was the conversion overnight? Absolutely not. It took time for the people to realize the way of life being offered to them was a way of life of emancipation. Riddled in a racial distinct class, egalitarianism was a new experience.

In the Hindu Times a Jatt or Gujar was held in so much contempt, that one could not come out of the house or dwelling without a dog accompanying him. The class was equated with the repulsiveness of being a dog. This is not what I am saying, this is written history of that time. So when such a society is exposed to equality of all, what would a person feel? Relieved that in front of Allah, everyone is equal, and everyone should be treated with love, respect and dignity. This is ground for conversion. No Amir, no ruler ever bothered to convert people. Who would want to put a sword on a person throat for conversion? Only a silly person who would not know the behaviour of people cannot be manipulated in any such way.

The ruler long with all others, knelt in front of their God, together in mosques, which were airy, roomy, full of light and sunshine. Nothing secretive about them. No hidden machinations at all. And what did the initials words they heard said? In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, Beneficent, the Merciful, all words of love, contrary to fears generated by other religions. Love and caring won. It always does!

Brotherhood and Sisterhood
Brotherhood and Sisterhood

KHUSHWANT SINGH AND M.A. RAHMAN CHUGHTAI

KHUSHWANT SINGH AND M.A. RAHMAN CHUGHTAI
RECOGNITION OF EACH OTHER

The spirit of Lahore

Khushwant Singh and wife Kanwal with Manzoor Qadir and wife
Khushwant Singh and wife Kanwal with Manzoor Qadir and wife

There used to be a lot of visitors at home at the studio of M.A. Rahman Chughtai. Even after partition a lot of Sikhs used to frequent the place. The story writer Satyarti was one of them. Another was Khushwant Singh who came to visit Chughtai with his wife. The Sikhs always considered M.A. Rahman Chughtai a Punjabi representative in a Bengal dominated art environment in India.

I remember I wrote a letter to Khushwant Singh when I started my research and he wrote back to me with a reply. The same letter I addressed to Ganda Singh too. The Sikhs related to me as they related to the artist himself.

The Illustrated Weekly of India carried many articles on M.A. Rahman Chughtai. The strangest coverage was a central spread on the book Amal-Chughtai and Dr Allama Iqbal during the 1971 war days. We will take it out of our archives and put it on one day. The man knew no boundaries. Sir Abdul Qadir and Manzoor Qadir were great friends of M.A. Rahman Chughtai and strangely Manzoor Qadir was a great friend of Khushwant Singh. As foreign minister of Pakistan, Manzoor Qadir did things and somehow or the other, at times the discussion of Chughtai artist came between the two stalwarts of their countries.

Khushwant Singh called himself a SON OF A GUN and in all ways he was not merely a Sikh but a GRAND PERSONALITY of our times. May God bless his soul!

A spirited man
A spirited man